About us

Imagining Greece: How Tourism Shaped a Nation
Imagining Greece is a digital exhibition that explores the evolution of tourism in Greece from the end of World War II to the closing chapters of the Cold War. The exhibition examines multiple aspects of the phenomenon by showcasing a wealth of textual and visual material curated from a wide range of state and private archival repositories and sources, including the Greek National Tourism Organisation, architectural firms, advertising agencies and both domestic and foreign press and periodicals. It is further enriched by an ongoing oral history project that captures firsthand experiences from specialists and the general public. We hope this exhibition will bring the history of tourism in Greece to life while deepening understanding of its profound impact—both on Greek society itself and on the millions of international visitors whose journeys have helped transform Greece into one of the world's most beloved destinations.

Our Team
We are an interdisciplinary team with expertise spanning history, visual culture, design studies, architectural history, cultural heritage, and digital humanities. Led by Professor Eirini Karamouzi (Principal Investigator) and Dr Mary Ikoniadou (Co-Investigator), our team includes:

Dr Stavros Alifragkis and Dr Emilia Athanasiou (Scientific and Artistic Curators, Lead Researchers), Dr Christos Christidis (Special Advisor), Despina Tsilimagkou (Digital Humanities Director), Dr Marina Emmanouil, Dr Metaxia Papageorgiou and Dr Aphrodite Kamara (Researchers). Our work has been generously supported by the Onassis Foundation, the National Bank of Greece and Research England. We are honoured to have the Greek National Tourism Organization (GNTO) and the Greek Ministry of Tourism as our patrons, and we work closely with Greece’s National Historical Museum.

Our Goal
Our goal is to make Imagining Greece a widely accessible digital exhibition that serves as a valuable resource for schools, universities, tourism professionals, and the public in Greece and beyond. We aim to promote a deeper understanding of tourism as a crucial element of Greek culture, economy, politics, and society. The exhibition is organised around four thematic experiences: Picture, Travel, Discover, and Remember. Each theme presents carefully chosen artefacts in an intuitive, easy-to-explore journey. Visitors will explore a rich collection of promotional materials, including advertising, audio-visual culture, periodicals, commercial and government sources, tourist guides, tourism infrastructure and architecture, cultural artefacts from folklore, feasts and festivals, leisure activities, books about Greece, souvenirs, vacation photographs, and postcards. The entire spectrum of Greece as a tourism destination is accessible through the thematic experiences, the interactive map, or the chronological timeline.

The Future of Imagining Greece
Imagining Greece will continue to grow with new artefacts, and we welcome your contributions. If you have relevant materials to share, please contact us at: info@imagininggreece.com

Legal Notice / Disclaimer
Every reasonable effort has been made to trace and contact the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this digital exhibition, ‘Imagining Greece: How Tourism Shaped a Nation, 1945-1989’, and to obtain their permission for the use of copyrighted material. We apologise for any omissions in acknowledging copyright. If you own the copyright for any material used on our website and believe it infringes upon your rights, please contact us directly at info@imagininggreece.com

Acknowledgements
We thank the numerous institutions and private individuals who have contributed their valuable archival materials to this project:

Benaki Museum’s Photographic Archives Department, Michael Cacoyannis Foundation, Greek Film Archive, Greek National Tourism Organisation, Hellenic Literary and Historical Archive, Hellenic National AudioVisual Archive - Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation, Hellenic Touring Club, Historical and Ethnological Society of Greece – National Historical Museum, Historical Archive of the National Bank of Greece, Constantinos A. Doxiadis Archives, ‘Konstantinos G. Karamanlis’ Foundation, The Library of the Hellenic Parliament, Modern Greek Architecture Archives of the Benaki Museum, National Bank of Greece Cultural Foundation, Neraida Floating Museum - John S. Latsis Public Benefit Foundation, Olympic Airways Workers Cultural Center, Philatelic Postal Museum, Spyros Vassiliou Archive - Dominum Artifex NPO, The Alpha Bank Art Collection, The Ghika Gallery - Benaki Museum.

Dimitris Antonakakis – Atelier 66, Archimidis & Eleni Athanassiou, Tasos Biris – Tassos Biris Architectural Firm, Vassilis Bogakos, Vassilis Giannakis, Panos Haratzopoulos, Erifyli Hontolidou, Maro Kardamitsi-Adami, Yannis Karlopoulos, Kostas Katsigiannis, Konstantinos Lyssaridis – ETETH SA, Eirini Philippides, Marina Philippides – AMK Architecture + Design, Jenny Perivolari, Christos Rallis & Georgia Sovatzoglou, Vassia Stylianidi – WOBI Architects, Vaggelis Stylianidis - Stylianidis Vaggelis Architects, Nicos Valsamakis – N. Valsamakis Architectural Firm, Ioannis Vikelas – Vikelas Architects.

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Travel / Institutions & Companies / Transport / MS Daphne

MS Daphne

Media date: 1975

Content date: 1975

The MS Daphne was launched in October 1954 and completed in March 1955 by Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson (now Swan Hunter), a shipbuilding company based in Wallsend, England. Initially a refrigerated cargo ship (10.1 gross tons, 162m length, 21m beam, and 8m draught) for Port Line passenger and cargo shipping company (1914-1982), it was named Port Sydney and serviced the Great Britain-Australia-New Zealand sea route under the British flag.

In 1972, the vessel was acquired by the distinguished Greek shipping magnate John C. Carras (1907–1989) for his Chion Shipping Co. Ltd. It was subsequent placed under the Greek flag and renamed Akrotiri Express [Ακρωτήρι Εξπρές] with the intention of being converted into a car ferry for the Piraeus–Limassol line. However, in 1974, it underwent a refit as a medium-sized cruise ship, completed in 1975 at Chalkis shipyards, and was renamed Daphne for Carras’s newly established, but short-lived, Delian Cruises.

The Daphne made her maiden voyage in July 1975, initially sailing primarily in European waters. Notably, a unique 14-day 'Mediterranean Discovery’ voyage in November-December 1977 commenced in Athens and concluded in Lisbon, with calls at Santorini, Heraklion, Taormina (Sicily), Palma, Gibraltar, Tangiers, Casablanca, and Madeira. In 1978, the ship was chartered to the renowned Italian shipping company Lauro Lines (also known as Flotta Lauro Line, 1947-1989), and a year later, to the Italian cruise line Costa Cruises (founded in 1948) for a five-year period. By 1984, Carras’s Delian Cruises was deemed unviable due to a lack of regular cruises, leading to high port facility costs. Consequently, the Daphne was sold to Costa Cruises, operating in Alaska during the summer and the Caribbean in the winter until 1990. After several changes of ownership, the Daphne was seized at Souda in 2012 following the bankruptcy of its then-owner, Classic International Cruises. It was ultimately sold for scrap in Alang, India, in 2014.

The Daphne’s extensive 1975 refit was undertaken by the Danish conversion design specialists Knud E. Hansen (established in 1937). Her new layout and interior design were entrusted to the acclaimed Athens-based firm AMK (A&M Katzourakis, now AMK Architecture & Design), founded in 1973. This firm comprised a highly talented team of architects, interior designers, and graphic designers, such as Maria Terzoglou and Irene Philippides, led by the ‘patriarchs’ of Greek graphic design, Agni (born 1936) and Michalis Katzourakis (born 1933 in Alexandria). AMK, a highly specialised firm, built its unique reputation —not only by Greek but also by international standards— by insisting on overseeing the design and construction across all phases.

The cruise ship was designed to accommodate 400 to 500 passengers across approximately 232 en-suite cabins of various types, including luxury penthouse suites with private balconies, exterior superior deluxe suites with separate sitting rooms, exterior superior deluxe studios with separate sitting areas, and exterior/interior superior deluxe staterooms, featuring two beds set in an L-shaped configuration, creating a more open area suitable for entertaining guests. This marked a reduction from its standard capacity of up to 750-800 passengers, reflecting Delian Cruises’ focus on an upper-class clientele from Europe and the USA. These accommodations were distributed over four decks (Decks 3, 5, 6, and 7).

In total, the Daphne boasted seven decks, each named after a different Muse from Ancient Greek mythology:

• Thalia (Deck 1/Upper Deck): Six penthouse suites, each occupying an area of 35m2 with access to a private deck.

• Terpsichore (Deck 2/Bridge Deck): Featured a swimming pool, a discotheque, and a Lido deck (open-air bar) from bow to stern.

• Polyhymnia (Deck 3/Promenade Deck): Included cabins, a theatre/cinema, and a playroom from bow to stern.

• Euterpe (Deck 4): Housed the dining room, a dining veranda and a card room (port-bound), a shopping arcade and a library (starboard-bound), the main lounge, and a cocktail bar, from bow to stern.

• Erato (Deck 5/Main Deck): Primarily contained cabins.

• Clio (Deck 6): Contained cabins and the cruise office.

• Melpomene (Deck 7/Lower Deck): Featured a medical centre, cabins, a hairdresser, beauty and barber shop, and a gymnasium with sauna and massage rooms, from bow to stern.

The distinctly modern design of all private and public spaces, attributed to Agni Katzouraki and Irene Philippides, was characterised by efficiency, spaciousness, high-quality materials, comfort, elegance, finesse, and meticulous attention to detail, with particular emphasis on maximising natural light and creating pleasant, habitable floating environments. Subtle colour schemes and gentle geometric motifs were consistently applied across all main surfaces, including false ceilings, walls (tapestries, silkscreens, murals, etc.), and floors (carpets). The same design philosophy guided the bespoke furnishings and upholstery. According to the designers, the inspiration for these elements derived from an abstract and creative interpretation of Minoan and Archaic art, as well as Greek folk art motifs. These were counterpointed by elements of avant-garde furniture design by renowned modernist architects (e.g., Le Corbusier, Mies van der Rohe, Breuer, Jacobsen). Original, wall-spanning artworks were seamlessly integrated to complement the cruise ship’s unique character. Colour, alongside ‘transparency, sheen, and texture,’ played an instrumental role in achieving a harmonious overall result. For instance, as one descended to the ship’s lower decks where natural light was limited, the chromatic palette transitioned from cool blue and green tones to warm ochres and yellows. In other instances, subtle colour transitions were employed to delineate functional shifts, from communal to more private areas.

The ship’s entertainment offerings included gourmet meals served in the spacious dining room and main lounge, both lined with sea-view windows, designed to accommodate all passengers ‘at one leisurely sitting.’ Gala main lounge shows with a live orchestra, highlighted by the ‘Greek Night,’ were regular features, alongside first-run screenings at the cinema, dancing to DJ mixes, and a lavish al fresco buffet on the pool deck. The ship also featured three bars and expansive sun decks.

The Daphne's sister ship, the Danae, shared these remarkable design features. Interestingly, in the early 1960s, Carras, who was born in Kardamyla on the island of Chios, acquired a significant area in the Sithonia peninsula, Chalkidiki, Northern Greece. Here, in 1963, he commenced the construction of a luxurious resort, now known as Porto Carras Grand Resort.

Ship Owner: John C. Carras (1907–1989)

Designer: Michalis Katzourakis, Agni Katzouraki, Irene Philippides, AMK

Copyright:

AMK Architecture & Design Archive

Contributors:
AMK Architecture & Design Archive

Location: Port, Piraeus, Athens,

Attica,

Greece
Documenter: S.A.

References

Greek Shipping Miracle, Ocean Liners & Cruise ships. Available at: https://greekshippingmiracle.org/en/highlights/greek-passenger-shipping/ocean-liners-cruise-ships/ (last accessed: June 2025).

Cruise Ship Odyssey, Danae and Daphne, Carras Delian Cruises. Available at: https://www.cruiseshipodyssey.com/danae-and-daphne-carras-delian-cruises/ (last accessed: June 2025).

Κοτζιά, Κατερίνα, 2024. «Εν Πλω». Τα Τετράδια του Μοντέρνου, τ.08 «Οι Χώροι του Μοντέρνου στην Ελλάδα», σ.209-220.

Greek Shipping Hall of Fame, John C. Carras (1907-1989). Available at: (https://greekshippinghalloffame.org/?inductee=jccarras-en (last accessed: June 2025).

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